Picture something making its way upward and holding on as it goes: hands on rock, on bark, a green shoot a fence. Climber names whatever is doing that. The -er ending is the whole trick, because it does not care what kind of thing you point it at. Point it at a person on a mountain and you get the sport. Point it at a monkey and you get an ability. Point it at a plant and you get a garden category. Point it at someone working their way up through people, and you get the sharpest use of all.
From the word’s history
Wiktionary records climber as Middle English clymbere, from climben plus the agent suffix -er, and analyses the modern word as climb + -er. The suffix is exactly what lets one word cover people, animals and plants.
字典記錄 climber 來自中古英語的 clymbere,也就是動詞 climben 加上表示「做這個動作的人或物」的字尾 -er,現代拼法就是 climb + -er。正因為這個字尾不限定對象,同一個字才能同時涵蓋人、動物和植物。
Wiktionary entry for climber, noun, etymology 1 (supplied in evidence packet): "From Middle English clymbere, clymber ... from climben + -er, -ere (suffix forming agent nouns)."
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