This entry holds two different words that happen to be spelled the same. One is the dug hole where a body is buried — picture the earth opened, then closed again with a stone on top. The other is 'heavy': a face, a situation, or a voice weighed down by something serious. Do not try to bend one into the other; keep them as two pictures.
From the word’s history
Etymonline separates them: grave 'burial place' is Old English graef, from a PIE root meaning 'to dig, scrape'; the adjective grave 'serious' (1540s) is from French grave, Latin gravis 'heavy', and the grave accent (c.1600) comes from that same Latin word.
Etymonline 把它們分開處理:墳墓的 grave 來自古英文 graef,字根的意思是「挖」;形容詞 grave「嚴重的」(1540 年代)來自法文 grave、拉丁文 gravis「重的」,而法文那個重音符號 grave(約 1600 年)也是從同一個拉丁字來的。所以「挖」跟「重」是兩條沒有交集的線,後兩者才是同源。
Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com), entries 'grave (n.1)', 'grave (adj.)' and 'grave (n.2)'
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原始詞典資料21 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,摘錄並精簡格式,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Gravename
- 1
A surname.
gravenoun詞源 1/ɡɹeɪv/
- 1
An excavation in the earth as a place of burial.
- He had lain in the grave four days.
- Let mee not be ashamed, O Lord, for I haue called vpon thee: let the wicked be ashamed, and let them be silent in the graue.
- 2
Any place of interment.
- 3
Any place containing one or more corpses.
- 4
Death, destruction.
- […]Meeting is pleasure, parting is a grief; / An inconstant lover is worse than a thief; / A thief can but rob you, and take all you have, / An inconstant lover will bring you to the grave![…]
- […]balanced on the biggest wave you race towards an early grave.
- 5
Deceased people; the dead.
- "Hold your jaw, woman! I've had enough to vex me to-day without you startin' your tantrums. You're jealous of the grave. That's wot's the matter with you." "And her brats can insult me as they like - me that 'as cared for you these five years."
graveverb詞源 2/ɡɹeɪv/
- 1
archaicTo dig.
- He hath graven and digged up a pit.
- 2
archaicTo carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.
- Thou shalt take two onyx stones, and grave on them the names of the children of Israel.
- Deep lines were graven on her pale forehead, and on her wan, thin cheeks.
- 3
archaicTo carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture.
- to grave an image
- 4
archaicTo impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.
- O! may they graven in thy heart remain.
- 5
archaicTo entomb; to bury.
- […]And lie full low, graved in the hollow ground.
- 6
archaicTo write or delineate on hard substances, by means of incised lines; to practice engraving.
graveadj詞源 3/ɡɹeɪv/
- 1
Characterised by a dignified sense of seriousness.
- [Mercuti] Ask for me tomorrow, and you shall find me a grave man.
- 2
Low in pitch, tone etc.
- The thicker the cord or string, the more grave is the note or tone.
- 3
Serious, in a negative sense; important, formidable.
- Israel’s behaviour is doing grave damage to the Palestinian people and to any hope for peace.
- Khrushchev made a grave miscalculation when he failed to appreciate the growing opposition to his power and overestimated the support of his bureaucracy.
- 4
datedhuman-scienceslinguisticsphonologyDull, produced in the middle or back of the mouth. (See Grave and acute on Wikipedia.Wikipedia )
- 5
obsoleteInfluential, important; authoritative.
- An illiterate fool sits in a mans seat; and the common people hold him learned, grave, and wise.
gravenoun詞源 3/ɡɹeɪv/
- 1
A grave accent, the diacritic mark `.
gravenoun詞源 4/ɡɹeɪv/
- 1
historicalA count, prefect, or person holding office.
graveverb詞源 5/ɡɹeɪv/
- 1
obsoletenauticaltransportTo clean, as a vessel's bottom, of barnacles, grass, etc., and pay it over with pitch — so called because graves or greaves were formerly used for this purpose.
gravenoun詞源 6/ɡɹeɪv/
- 1
obsoleteA kilogram.
- At the origin of the metric system the new unit of weight was called the grave, and was equivalent to the kilogram. The denomination grave would in some respects have been preferable to kilogram.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary,已精簡格式;依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用,改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。