喜樂美語
  1. 1aB2/ˈtrænsətɪv/及物的

    正式Used about a verb that must have an object after it — the action needs something or someone to happen to, like 'break' in 'I broke the cup'.

    示範例句 · Example

    'Break' is a transitive verb, so you have to say what you broke.

    逐字「Break」是一個及物動詞，所以你必須說你打破了什麼。

    transitive 是文法課上的說法，講的是「這個動詞後面一定要接一個受詞」。像 break 就是：只說 I broke 不完整，要說 I broke the cup（我打破了杯子），動作才有落點。可以想成動作「走過去」——從做事的人身上，傳到被影響的那個東西上；transitive 這個字本來就是從拉丁文「走過去」來的。字典裡通常用 [T] 標記及物動詞。

    常見搭配

    • a transitive verb

      及物動詞

      a verb that needs an object after it

      'Produce' is a transitive verb.

    • transitive and intransitive verbs

      及物與不及物動詞

      verbs that take an object and verbs that do not

      Chapter three explains transitive and intransitive verbs.

    • the transitive use of a verb

      動詞的及物用法

      the way a verb behaves when it does take an object

      'Grow' has both a transitive and an intransitive use.

    意思相反

    intransitive

core核心畫面

A useful picture: the action does not stay with the person doing it — it travels across and lands on something else. 'I broke' leaves you waiting: broke what? The verb is reaching out for a target, and the sentence is not finished until it finds one: 'I broke the cup.'

動作不會停在做的人身上，而是往外跑、落到另一個東西上。你聽到 I broke，心裡會懸著——打破什麼？這個動詞伸著手在找對象，句子要等到接住東西才算完整：I broke the cup。中文文法書叫它「及物」，那個「及」字剛好抓到重點：動作要碰得到一個對象。相對的 sleep、arrive 就不用，說 I slept 就講完了。

From the word’s history

Latin 'transire' means to go across or pass over: 'trans-' (across) + 'ire' (to go). A transitive verb is one whose action passes across from the doer to the object it acts on.

這個字來自拉丁文 transire「越過、走過去」——由 trans-（橫越，跟 transport、translate 的 trans- 同一個）加上 ire（走）組成。所以 transitive 的字面意思就是「會走過去的」：動作從執行者身上越過去，落在受詞上。記住 trans- 這個部件，這個文法術語就不再只是要背的標籤，而是一幅圖。

Online Etymology Dictionary (etymonline.com), entry "transitive"

同家族的字

意思相反

intransitive

原始詞典資料8 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

transitiveadj/ˈtɹænzɪtɪv/

  • 1

    Making a transit or passage.

    • For all symbols are fluxional; all language is vehicular and transitive, and is good, as ferries and horses are, for conveyance, not as farms and houses are, for homestead.
  • 2

    Affected by transference of signification.

    • By far the greater part of the transitive or derivative applications of words depend on casual and unaccountable caprices of the feelings or the fancy.
  • 3

    grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsTaking a direct object or objects.

    • The English verb "to notice" is a transitive verb, because we say things like "She noticed a problem".
    • Men have tried to turn "revolutionise" from a transitive to an intransitive verb.
  • 4

    mathematicssciencesset-theoryHaving the property that if an element a is related to b and b is related to c, then a is necessarily related to c.

    • "Is an ancestor of" is a transitive relation: if Alice is an ancestor of Bob, and Bob is an ancestor of Carol, then Alice is an ancestor of Carol.
  • 5

    algebramathematicssciencesSuch that, for any two elements of the acted-upon set, some group element maps the first to the second.

  • 6

    graph-theorymathematicssciencesSuch that, for any two vertices there exists an automorphism which maps one to the other.

  • 7

    mathematicsprobabilitysciencesOf a set of dice: not having the intransitive property.

transitivenoun/ˈtɹænzɪtɪv/

  • 1

    grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsA transitive verb.

    • This means that subcategorization properties do not allow us to distinguish between transitives and intransitives (both types of verbs are allowed, but not obliged, to take a direct object).

摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。