One way to picture it: the body giving a fast, involuntary shake — a wave that runs through you from the inside when cold or fear hits, over in a second and not something you chose to do.
From the word’s history
From Middle English schoderen, borrowed from Middle Dutch schudderen / Middle Low German schodderen — iterative (repeated-action) forms built on the verb meaning 'to shake' (Dutch schudden, German schütten 'to pour'). The iterative ending is what turns plain 'shake' into 'shake over and over in quick little bursts'.
字根來自中古荷語／中古低地德語表「搖動」的動詞（荷語 schudden、德語 schütten「傾倒」），而 shudder 帶的是「反覆體」字尾——也就是把「搖」變成「一下一下連續地搖」。所以這個字天生就不是大幅度的晃，而是密集、細碎、停不下來的那種顫，剛好對得上人被嚇到或被凍到時的抖法。
Wiktionary, entry 'shudder' (etymology section, citing Middle Dutch schudderen / Middle Low German schodderen as iteratives of schudden / schütten)
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原始詞典資料4 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
shudderverb/ˈʃʌdə/
- 1
To shake nervously, often from fear or horror.
- On seeing the spider under his pillow, John shuddered.
- VVreath'd vp in fatall folds iuſt in his way, / The feare where of doth make him ſhake, & ſhudder, […]
- 2
To vibrate jerkily.
shuddernoun/ˈʃʌdə/
- 1
A shivering tremor, often from fear or horror.
- Seeing the spider under his pillow gave John a shudder.
- 2
A moment of almost pleasurable fear; a frisson.
- They name thee before me, / A knell to mine ear; / A shudder comes o'er me— / Why wert thou so dear?
- … and was not that slight tremble, a shudder which went through her young body, when his kiss, glowing and scorching with his wild passion, had dared to touch her tiny ice-cold hand?
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。