You can picture a number line with a clear of zero. Anything to the right of zero is 'positive' — it's on the plus side, the side that adds rather than takes away. From that one plus sign grow two pulls: the literal 'more-than-zero, plus-charged' side, and the everyday 'on the good side, adding value, leaning toward yes' side. Underneath both sits an older flavour: 'positive' once meant firmly laid down, settled, with no doubt — so 'I'm positive' = it's fixed in my mind.
From the word’s history
From Latin 'positivus' (laid down, settled, formally fixed), from 'ponere' (to place). The 'firmly placed, definite, beyond doubt' sense is the oldest layer; the 'plus side / good side' meanings and the mathematical 'greater than zero' all branch from the idea of something definitely set down on the affirming side.
源自拉丁文 positivus(被擺定、確立、正式訂下),來自 ponere(放置)。「明確擺定、毫無疑問」是最老的一層;後來的「加號那一側 / 好的一面」以及數學上的「大於零」,都是從「明確被放在肯定那一邊」這個畫面分枝出來的。
etymonline.com (positive, from Latin positivus < ponere)
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原始詞典資料32 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,摘錄並精簡格式,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
positiveadj/ˈpɑzɪtɪv/
- 1
Included, present, characterized by affirmation.
- 2
lawFormally laid down.
- In laws, that which is natural bindeth universally; that which is positive, not so.
- 3
Stated definitively and without qualification.
- Positive words, that he would not bear arms against King Edward’s son.
- 4
Fully assured in opinion.
- I’m absolutely positive you've spelt that wrong.
- 5
mathematicssciencesGreater than zero.
- 6
mathematicssciencesGreater than or equal to zero.
- Notice that each time the calculator balance becomes positive (zero or greater), the dollar item that forces this balance to become positive is selected for examination. Since each of these dollar items is contained […]
- a step 10 which judges whether each of the m amounts of differences in amount of voltage changes ΔHv1 to ΔHvm are positive (zero or greater than zero) or negative (less than zero): and […]
- 7
Characterized by constructiveness or influence for the better.
- Not to conſent to the Enacting of ſuch a Law, which has no view beſide to general Good, unleſs another Law ſhall at the ſame time paſs, with no other view but that of advancing the Power of one Party alone; What is this but to claim a positive Voice as well as a negative?
- 8
Overconfident, dogmatic.
- Some positive, persisting fops we know, That, if once wrong, will needs be always so.
另外 16 個記錄的用法
- 9
human-sciencesphilosophysciencesActual, real, concrete, not theoretical or speculative.
- [I]f the privation be good, it followes not the former condition was evill, but lesse good; for the flower or blossome, is a positive good, although the remove of it to give place to the fruit, be a comparative good.
- 1885, Marcellin Berthelot, Les Origines de l'Alkimie as quoted in M. M. Pattison Muir, A History of Chemical Theories and Laws, 1907. Chemistry is not a primitive science, like geometry or astronomy; it is constructed from the debris of a previous scientific formation; a formation half chimerical and half positive...
- 10
natural-sciencesphysical-sciencesphysicsHaving more protons than electrons.
- A cation is a positive ion as it has more protons than electrons.
- 11
grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsDescribing the primary sense of an adjective, adverb or noun; not comparative, superlative, augmentative nor diminutive.
- ‘Better’ is an irregular comparative of the positive form ‘good’.
- 12
grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsDescribing a verb that is not negated, especially in languages which have distinct positive and negative verb forms, e.g., Finnish.
- 13
Derived from an object by itself; not dependent on changing circumstances or relations.
- The idea of beauty is not positive, but depends on the different tastes of individuals.
- positive knowledge
- 14
Characterized by the existence or presence of distinguishing qualities or features, rather than by their absence.
- The box was not empty – I felt some positive substance within it.
- In other cases of moral alienation there will be found to have been more or less congenital moral defect, with maniacal exacerbations of positive moral insanity occurring perhaps at puberty, perhaps at the menstrual periods, perhaps after severe disappointment.
- 15
Characterized by the presence of features which support a hypothesis.
- The results of our experiment are positive.
- 16
Confirmed, straight-up.
- Ben […], who seems at first to be a likable guy but is actually a positive sexist.
- 17
artshobbieslifestyleOf a visual image, true to the original in light, shade and colour values.
- A positive photograph can be developed from a photographic negative.
- 18
Favorable, desirable by those interested or invested in that which is being judged.
- The first-night reviews were largely positive.
- 19
Wholly what is expressed; colloquially downright, entire, outright.
- Good lord, you've built up a positive arsenal of weaponry here.
- 20
Optimistic.
- He has a positive outlook on life.
- 21
chemistrynatural-sciencesphysical-scienceselectropositive
- 22
chemistrynatural-sciencesphysical-sciencesbasic; metallic; not acid; opposed to negative, and said of metals, bases, and basic radicals.
- 23
slangHIV positive.
- We certainly told him at that time that I was negative. We talked about transmission. We told him we don't do anything that would cause me to become positive.
- 24
Good, desirable, healthful, pleasant, enjoyable.
- positive energy; positive thoughts, feelings or emotions
- Negative feelings can be worked through and their energy converted into positive energy... In crisis, normal patterns of self-organization fail, resulting in anxiety (negative energy). Being open systems, people can exchange this energy with the environment and create positive energy for taking action...
positivenoun/ˈpɑzɪtɪv/
- 1
A thing capable of being affirmed; something real or actual.
- rating Positives by their Privatives
- 2
A favourable point or characteristic.
- Not a bad situation when we weigh all the positives.
- 3
Something having a positive value in physics, such as an electric charge.
- 4
grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsA degree of comparison of adjectives and adverbs.
- 5
grammarhuman-scienceslinguisticsAn adjective or adverb in the positive degree.
- 6
artshobbieslifestyleA positive image; one that displays true colors and shades, not their opposites or complements.
- 7
The positive plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell.
- 8
A positive result of a test.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary,已精簡格式;依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用,改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。