Something big stands right next to something smaller and rises far above it, so its shadow falls across the smaller thing. The small thing is still there, still whatever it was. It is just standing in the shade now, and the light is not reaching it.
可以想成有個很大的東西,就站在一個比較小的東西旁邊,而且高出一大截。它的影子整個落下來,蓋在小東西身上。小東西沒有消失,也沒有變差。它只是進了陰影裡,光照不到了。這個字的三個用法,都在用同一張圖:底下那一邊照樣存在,只是沒被看見、或是暖不起來。所以講人、講事情的時候,overshadow 幾乎都帶著一點惋惜——被蓋住的那一方,本身往往是好的。
From the word’s history
Wiktionary traces it to Old English ofersceadwian, literally over plus shadow: to cast a shadow over something. The modern uses all still sit on that literal picture.
Wiktionary 追到古英文 ofersċeadwian,就是 over(在上面)加 shadow(影子),字面是「把影子投在上面」。今天不管是山壓著村子、名氣壓著弟弟,還是壞消息壓著一整趟旅行,用的都還是這個字面畫面。
Wiktionary entry supplied in evidence packet (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:1057924927:26823): from Middle English overschadwen, from Old English ofersceadwian, over- + shadow.
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