這個拼法底下其實是2個不同的字,意思沒有關係, 只是長得一樣。下面分開列出來。跳到 keen (sharp edge) · keen (wail in mourning)

1

keen

a

Picture the edge of a very sharp blade — thin, fine, cutting into whatever it meets. That sharpness is the root picture of this keen. From a sharp edge, the word spreads two ways: outward to anything that cuts or pierces (a keen wind, keen prices that undercut rivals), and inward to the mind and feelings — senses that pick up the faintest signal, a mind that cuts straight to the point, and a desire so sharp it pulls you hard toward what you want. So a keen , keen , and a keen knife all share one image: a fine, cutting edge.

可以想成一把很利的刀刃——又薄又細,碰到什麼都能乾淨俐落地切進去。這種「鋒利」就是 keen 的根畫面。從鋒利的刀口,這個字往兩個方向擴散:一個方向往外,指任何會切、會刺的東西(刺骨的寒風、低到能砍掉對手的價格);另一個方向往內,進到心智和感受裡——能捕捉最微弱訊號的感官、一刀切中要點的頭腦,以及一股利得像刀的渴望,把你緊緊拉向想要的東西。所以 keen 的學生、keen 的視力、keen 的刀子,共用的是同一張畫面:一道又細又利的切口。

From the word’s history

Old English cēne 'bold, brave, sharp', from Proto-Germanic *kōniz (cognate with German kühn 'bold'). The 'sharp edge' sense anchors the modern word, from which the mental/emotional 'sharp' senses (acute perception, eager desire) radiate.

源自古英語 cēne「大膽、勇敢、銳利」,出自原始日耳曼語 *kōniz(與德語 kühn「大膽」同源)。「鋒利的刀刃」這個意思撐住了現代的核心,心智與情感上「銳利」的用法(敏銳的感官、強烈的渴望)都從這裡放射出去。

etymonline.com/word/keen; en.wiktionary.org/wiki/keen

A second word, same spelling

2

keen

v

Picture the long, high, wailing cry sung over a dead body at an Irish wake — a voice raised in open grief. This keen has nothing to do with the 'sharp' adjective; it is a separate word borrowed from Irish, and it means to make that mourning sound.

可以想成愛爾蘭守靈時,有人對著逝者放聲拉出又長又高的哀號——一個把悲傷整個唱出來的聲音。這個 keen 和「鋒利」那個形容詞完全沒關係,它是另一個從愛爾蘭語借來的字,意思就是發出那種哀悼的聲音。

From the word’s history

From Irish caoinim '(I) lament', verbal noun caoineadh, going back to Old Irish coínid '(s/he) laments'. Borrowed into English c.1780–90 — a wholly separate word from the 'sharp' adjective (Old English cēne).

源自愛爾蘭語 caoinim「我哀哭」,動名詞為 caoineadh,可追到古愛爾蘭語 coínid「哀悼、悲泣」。約於 1780–90 年借入英語——和「鋒利」那個形容詞(古英語 cēne)是完全不同源的兩個字。

etymonline.com/word/keen; dictionary.com/browse/keen; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keening

登入就可以看每一支怎麼連回核心畫面。

原始詞典資料15 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,摘錄並精簡格式,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

Keenname

  • 1

    A surname.

keenadj詞源 1/kiːn/

  • 1

    Often with a prepositional phrase, or with to and an infinitive: showing a quick and ardent responsiveness or willingness; eager, enthusiastic, interested.

    • I’m keen on computers.
    • I’m keen on you.
  • 2

    Fierce, intense, vehement.

    • This boy has a keen appetite.
    • [N]euer did I know / A creature that did beare the ſhape of man / So keene and greedy to confound a man.
  • 3

    Having a fine edge or point; sharp.

    • The tongues of mocking wenches are as keen As is the Razors edge, inuisible: […]
    • Come thick Night, / And pall thee in the dunneſt ſmoake of Hell, / That my keene Knife ſee not the Wound it makes, / Nor Heauen peepe through the Blanket of the darke, / To cry, hold, hold.
  • 4

    Acute of mind, having or expressing mental acuteness; penetrating, sharp.

    • For when we rage, aduiſe is often ſeene By blunting vs to make our wits more keene.
    • So, when remote futurity is brought / Before the keen inquiry of her thought, / A terrible sagacity informs / The poet's heart; […]
  • 5

    Acrimonious, bitter, piercing.

    • keen satire or sarcasm
    • O lawfull let it be / That I have roome with Rome to curſe a while, / Good Father Cardinall, cry thou Amen / To my keene curſes; for without my wrong / There is no tongue hath power to curſe him right.
  • 6

    Cutting, penetrating, piercing, sharp.

    • a keen wind
    • the cold is very keen
  • 7

    Of prices, extremely low as to be competitive.

  • 8

    datedinformalMarvelous.

    • I just got this peachy keen new dress.
    • Oh, but they're weird and they're wonderful / Oh, Bennie, she's really keen / She's got electric boots, a mohair suit / You know I read it in a magazine, oh / B-B-B-Bennie and the Jets
另外 1 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    obsoleteBrave, courageous; audacious, bold.

keenverb詞源 1/kiːn/

  • 1

    rareTo make cold, to sharpen.

    • This is the pureſt exerciſe of health, / The kind refreſher of the ſummer-heats; / Nor, when cold Winter keens the brightening flood, / Would I weak-ſhivering linger on the brink.

keennoun詞源 2/kiːn/

  • 1

    A prolonged wail for a deceased person.

    • [S]he went so swiftly that he could only follow her to the door. The large shape of the car swallowed her up; and the car twisted softly around the little drive and away to the London road. Minutes later he heard its Klaxon, just one sharp keen, like the harsh cry of a sea-bird.

keenverb詞源 2/kiːn/

  • 1

    To utter a keen.

    • Last night he had put down too much Potheen / (A vulgar blend of Methyl and Benzene) / That, at some Wake, he might the better keen. / (Keen—meaning 'brisk'? Nay, here the Language warps: / 'Tis singing bawdy Ballads to a Corpse.)
  • 2

    To utter with a loud wailing voice or wordless cry.

    • Pelicans fly below us with stiffly formal strokes, and gulls wheel and keen.
    • Satiran, lost in his own grief, shuddered once, then lifted his head to the sky and keened out his loss to the heavens.
  • 3

    To mourn.

    • I keened my Gran, I keened my babies, but then my words poured out of my grief. I don't have the full heart like that for Owen, sorry as I am for his goin. Without the heavy grief on me I can maybe think of the words easier.
    • She sniffed and nodded and cried and wailed and keened for her husband, who would never come back to her.

摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary,已精簡格式;依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用,改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。