You can think of dictation as words travelling straight out of one mouth and onto someone else's page, with nothing changed on the way. One person owns the words; the other person only catches them. Hold that picture and the school exercise is the same event with a teacher at one end and a class at the other — and the 'orders' meaning is the same shape again, with the words replaced by instructions you are expected to take down and obey.
From the word’s history
From Late Latin dictatio, a noun of action from dictare 'to say repeatedly'. By surface analysis it is simply dictate + -ion.
來自晚期拉丁文 dictātiō，是動作名詞，源頭是 dictāre「一再地說」。從表面看就是 dictate 加上 -ion。這條線索正好對上核心畫面：口述的人往往要慢慢說、重複說，好讓對方跟得上。
Wiktionary etymology supplied in this packet (kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:636699266) for 'dictation': Late Latin dictātiō < dictātus < dictō; by surface analysis dictate + -ion
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