Drawing a line and pushing one thing OUTSIDE it — 'leave that one out.' From 'everyone but him' (set him outside the group) grows the famous contrast use: 'but' marks the part that stands outside what you'd expect.
From the word’s history
Old English butan / buton 'outside, without, except', from be- 'by' + utan 'out, outside'. The exception sense ('leave out') is the original; the contrast conjunction ('on the contrary') developed only in late Old English.
but 源自古英語 butan / buton(在外、沒有、除了),由 be-(在旁)+ utan(外面)組成,字面就是「by + out」。「除了/排除在外」是本義;表轉折的「但是」要到古英語晚期才從「排在外面」引申出來——轉折的那一句,正是落在預期「之外」的部分。
etymonline.com/word/but; Wiktionary: butan
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原始詞典資料21 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,摘錄並精簡格式,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
Butname
- 1
A surname.
butprep/ˈbʌt/
- 1
Apart from, except (for), excluding.
- Everyone but Father left early.
- I like everything but that.
- 2
Outside of.
- Away but the hoose and tell me whae's there.
butadv/ˈbʌt/
- 1
literaryMerely, only, just, no more than.
- Christmas comes but once a year, so we can but wait till then.
- […] if they kill vs, we shall but die.
- 2
Though, however.
- I'll have to go home early but.
- "Supposin' the chap ain't dead, but?" Regan persisted.
- 3
Used to repeat an adverb for emphasis; simply; just; absolutely.
- I would never, but never do such a thing!
- “I would never,” said Joan, as she backed the car and worked on the wheel, “but never have allowed my child to go abroad with that old Lesbian.”
butconj/ˈbʌt/
- 1
However, although, nevertheless, on the other hand (introducing a clause contrary to prior belief or in contrast with the preceding clause or sentence).
- She is very old but still attractive.
- She’s welcomed them but been rude to us.
- 2
On the contrary, rather (as a regular adversative conjunction, introducing a word or clause in contrast or contradiction with the preceding negative clause or sentence).
- I am not rich but [I am] poor. Not John but Peter went there.
- It’s not so much that we don’t wanna go, but I just haven’t time.
- 3
Used at the beginning of a sentence to express opposition to a remark.
- But I never said you could do that!
- In reality, I apprehend every amorous widow on the stage would run the hazard of being condemned as a servile imitation of Dido, but that happily very few of our play-house critics understand enough of Latin to read Virgil.
- 4
Except that (introducing a subordinate clause which qualifies a negative statement); also, (archaic) with omission of the subject of the subordinate clause, acting as a negative relative, "except one that", "except such that".
- I cannot but feel offended.
- My kid does nothing but watch TV all day.
- 5
Used to link an interjection to the following remark as an intensifier.
- Wow! But that's amazing!
- Oh, the engineers would see him sitting in the shade / Strumming with the rhythm that the drivers made / People passing by, they would stop and say / "Oh, my, but that little country boy could play"
- 6
archaicWithout it also being the case that; unless that (introducing a necessary concomitant).
- It never rains but it pours
- I never hear this song but I think of you.
- 7
obsoleteExcept with; unless with; without.
- This man unable to manage his own happineſſe, grew ſo inſolent that he could not go, but either ſpurning his equals, or trampling on his inferiours.
- 8
obsoleteOnly; solely; merely.
- Observe but how their own principles combat one another.
- a formidable man but to his friends
另外 2 個記錄的用法
- 9
obsoleteUntil.
- 'Tshall not be long but I'll be here again.
- 10
obsoleteThat.
- It is not impossible but next year I may have the honour of waiting on your Lordship at St. Asaph, If I go to Ireland I certainly will go that way.
- “I am convinced, if you were to press this matter earnestly upon her, she would consent.” “It is not impossible but she might,” said Madame de Seidlits […].
butnoun/ˈbʌt/
- 1
An instance of using the word "but"; an objection or caveat.
- It has to be done—no ifs, ands, or buts.
- But—and this is a big but—you have to come home by sundown.
- 2
The outer room of a small two-room cottage.
- 3
A limit; a boundary.
- 4
The end; especially the larger or thicker end, or the blunt, in distinction from the sharp, end; the butt.
butverb/ˈbʌt/
- 1
archaicUse the word "but".
- But me no buts.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary,已精簡格式;依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用,改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。