後頸那一把
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noun · C1
If you hold or take a person or an animal by the scruff of the neck, you grip the loose skin, the fur, or the clothing at the back of their neck, so that they cannot easily pull away or turn round.
揪住後頸
這個拼法底下其實是2個不同的字，意思沒有關係， 只是長得一樣。下面分開列出來。跳到 揪住後頸 · 邋遢的人
1
scruff
nOne way to hold this side of the word: the fold of loose skin at the back of an animal's neck, the handful a mother cat takes in her teeth. Everything here is one small grip that controls a whole body — the body part itself, the fixed phrase for holding someone there, and the verb made from the action.
這一邊的 scruff，可以想成貓脖子後面那塊可以捏起來的鬆皮。母貓一口叼住的就是這一把。整隻小貓就靠這一小塊撐著，而且牠是背對著你的，使不上力。這個畫面往外長出三件事：那塊皮本身、抓住那裡的固定說法，還有直接拿來當動作用的動詞。
From the word’s history
This scruff is recorded from 1790, from an earlier scuft (1787) and dialect scuff. It is related to North Frisian skuft and Dutch schoft, both meaning the back of a horse's neck or its withers, so the neck was in the word from the start.
這個 scruff 從 1790 年左右開始用，更早的形式是 1787 年的 scuft，方言裡寫作 scuff。它跟北弗里斯蘭文 skuft、荷蘭文 schoft 有關，那兩個字指的都是馬的頸背。所以「脖子後面那一塊」從一開始就在字裡面，不是後來才引申出來的。
Wiktionary via kaikki snapshot 3f6f69a190036ae4, scruff etymology 2: 1790, from earlier (1787) scuft and dialect scuff; related to North Frisian skuft, Dutch schoft (withers of a horse)
From the picture
Also in this word
noun · C1
The loose skin at the back of the neck on some animals, which a mother animal can take in her teeth to carry her young. The back of a person's neck is sometimes called this too, though that use is much less common.
後頸鬆皮
A second word, same spelling
2
scruff
nOne way to hold this side of the word: a surface with a rough, uncleaned layer sitting on it. The dictionary sends this scruff back to scurf, the flakes and crust on skin. From that you can see the two living uses: the short rough hair a man has not shaved off, and the person whose whole appearance looks as if nobody has cleaned it up.
這一邊的 scruff，可以想成「表面沒清掉的一層粗東西」。字典把它指回 scurf，也就是皮膚上的碎屑和結痂。順著這個畫面看，兩個還活著的用法就連起來了：一個是臉上那層沒刮掉的短鬍渣，一個是整個人看起來都沒整理過。早期的「結痂」「頭皮屑」那些意思現在已經不用了，但畫面留了下來。
From the word’s history
Wiktionary files this scruff under etymology 1 with the note: see scurf. Scurf is the flaky crust that forms on skin, so the older sense of this word was a crust or layer on a surface.
Wiktionary 把這個 scruff 放在第一條來源底下，註記只有一句：見 scurf。scurf 是皮膚上剝落的碎屑或結痂，所以這個字早期說的是覆在表面的一層東西。今天的「鬍渣」和「邋遢的人」都可以從這個畫面理解。
Wiktionary via kaikki snapshot 3f6f69a190036ae4, scruff noun etymology 1: See scurf. (also senses tagged obsolete: Crust; Scurf)
From the picture
表面沒整理過的那一層
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noun · C1
A person who looks untidy or dirty, whose clothes, hair and shoes all look as if no one has taken care of them.
邋遢的人
Also in this word
noun · C1
Short rough hair on a man's face, the kind that grows in a few days when he does not shave.
短鬍渣