A monetarist is someone who thinks a country should keep a tight hand on how much money is out there — the notes, coins, and bank money people can spend. The idea is simple on the surface: if there is too much money, prices jump (that is inflation); if there is too little, shops go quiet and people lose work.

A monetarist貨幣主義者 is someone who thinks就是認為 a country should keep a tight hand一個國家該緊緊管住 on how much money is out there市面上有多少錢——the notes, coins, and bank money people can spend人們能花的紙鈔、硬幣、和銀行存款。The idea這個想法 is simple on the surface表面上很簡單：if there is too much money如果錢太多、prices jump物價就會飆升（that is inflation這就是通膨）；if there is too little如果錢太少、shops go quiet and people lose work店家生意就冷清、人們就會失業。

So, in this view, the government’s main job with the economy is not to spend its way out of trouble, but to control and often limit the money supply.

So, in this view所以照這個看法、the government's main job with the economy政府在經濟上的主要工作、is not to spend its way out of trouble不是靠花錢來解決問題、but to control and often limit the money supply而是控管、通常還要限制貨幣供給。

Though actually, people use the word in two close ways. As a noun, a monetarist is the person who holds this belief (often an economist, a central banker, or a politician). As an adjective, monetarist talks about the belief itself: monetarist policy, a monetarist government.

Though actually不過其實 people use the word人們用這個字 in two close ways有兩種相近的用法。As a noun當名詞用、a monetarist是指 monetarist is the person who holds this belief抱持這種信念的人（often an economist, a central banker, or a politician常常是經濟學家、央行官員、或政治人物）。As an adjective當形容詞用、monetarist talks about the belief itself就是在講這個信念本身：monetarist policy貨幣主義政策、a monetarist government貨幣主義政府。

It is a formal, specialist word; you meet it in news about banks and governments, not in everyday chat. It became a loud word in the 1970s and 1980s, when some leaders tried to fight high prices by squeezing money, even when that hurt jobs.

It is a formal, specialist word這是個正式的專業字眼；you meet it你會在 in news about banks and governments談銀行和政府的新聞裡 遇到它、not in everyday chat而不是在日常閒聊裡。It became a loud word它在 in the 1970s and 1980s一九七〇、八〇年代 became a loud word成了個很響亮的字、when some leaders那時有些領導人 tried to fight high prices by squeezing money試圖靠緊縮貨幣來對抗高物價、even when that hurt jobs即使這樣會傷害就業。

Other economists say demand, spending, and wages matter just as much, so they argue with monetarists. It does not mean “a person who loves money.” That is a different idea entirely.

Other economists其他經濟學家 say demand, spending, and wages matter just as much則認為需求、支出、和薪資同樣重要、so they argue with monetarists所以會跟貨幣主義者爭論。It does not mean它的意思不是 "a person who loves money."「愛錢的人」。That is a different idea entirely那是完全不同的另一回事。