Picture someone themselves against something heavy: feet set, back straight, one long pull, and the thing finally moves. That is heave. The word never just reports that something moved — it shows you the effort behind the movement, which is why a body under strain is always somewhere in the picture. From there the effort can move outward (you let go and it flies), or it can come from inside the thing itself: a chest that rises and falls, a sea lifting a boat, frozen ground pushing a path upward. Each of these still has weight being shifted by force; the only question is whose force it is.
From the word’s history
The source entry traces heave to Old English hebban, from a Germanic root meaning 'to take up, lift', and links it to have and to Latin capiō ('to take'). Lifting is the oldest layer of the word, which is why the effort never quite leaves any of its later uses.
詞源資料把 heave 追到古英語 hebban，再往上是日耳曼語族「舉起、拿起」的字根，並把它和 have、拉丁文 capiō（拿）連在一起。「舉起來」是這個字最舊的一層。這也說明了為什麼後來的每個用法裡，那份力氣都還在。
Wiktionary entry for heave (kaikki extract supplied in this packet: kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:646257989)
登入就可以看每一支怎麼連回核心畫面。
原始詞典資料20 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
heaveverb/ˈhiːv/
- 1
To lift with difficulty; to raise with some effort; to lift (a heavy thing).
- We heaved the chest-of-drawers up to the second-floor landing.
- He hove himself out of the bed.
- 2
To throw, cast.
- They hove rocks into the pond.
- The cap'n hove the body overboard.
- 3
To rise and fall.
- Her chest heaved with emotion.
- Frequent for breath his panting bosom heaves.
- 4
To utter with effort.
- She heaved a sigh and stared out of the window.
- The wretched animal heaved forth such groans.
- 5
nauticaltransportTo pull up with a rope or cable.
- Heave up the anchor there, boys!
- 6
archaicTo lift (generally); to raise, or cause to move upwards (particularly in ships or vehicles) or forwards.
- Here a little child I stand, / Heaving up my either hand; […]
- 7
To be thrown up or raised; to rise upward, as a tower or mound.
- The grovving Tovv'rs like Exhalations riſe, / And the huge Columns heave into the Skies.
- where heaves the turf in many a mouldering heap
- 8
businessgeographygeologyTo displace (a vein, stratum).
另外 5 個記錄的用法
- 9
archaicTo cause to swell or rise, especially in repeated exertions.
- The wind heaved the waves.
- 10
nauticaltransportTo move in a certain direction or into a certain position or situation.
- to heave the ship ahead
- Pausing there I waited until the foremost Sagoth hove into sight.
- 11
To retch, to make an effort to vomit; to vomit.
- The smell of the old cheese was enough to make you heave.
- 12
To make an effort to raise, throw, or move anything; to strain to do something difficult.
- She [The Church of England] had ſtruggl'd and heav'd at a Reformation; ever ſince Wicliffs dayes, for about a 150 years together: […]
- 13
obsoleteTo rob; to steal from; to plunder.
- Ben mort (good vvench) ſhal you and I heaue a booth, mill a ken, or nip a bung? ſhall you and I rob a houſe, or cut a purſe?
heavenoun/ˈhiːv/
- 1
An effort to raise something, such as a weight or one's own body, or to move something heavy.
- We gave one more heave and the wall toppled over at last.
- July made no reply but that of a sigh. For she was thinking of the heave she must make to see herself lifted from the ground.
- 2
An upward motion; a rising; a swell or distention, as of the breast in difficult breathing, of the waves, of the earth in an earthquake, etc.
- and now the bed shook, the curtains rattled so, that I could scarce hear the sighs and murmurs, the heaves and pantings that accompanied the action, from the beginning to the end
- The slab and piles will work together to resist 'ground heave' (the upward movement of the ground as it tries to push up into the box).
- 3
A horizontal dislocation in a metallic lode, taking place at an intersection with another lode.
- 4
nauticaltransportThe measure of extent to which a nautical vessel goes up and down in a short period of time.
- 5
An effort to vomit; retching.
- 6
rareBroken wind in horses.
- The dust would have to be watched out for with a heave horse, and most alfalfa hay...
- The late stage is recognized by horse people as the true "heave" horse and at this stage most of the airways are partially or completely obstructed.
- 7
ball-gamescricketgamesA forceful shot in which the ball follows a high trajectory
- That left 15 needed from Boult's final set. Two dots were followed by a heave over deep mid-wicket, then came the outrageous moment of fortune.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。