Think of a well that has been drawn from until nothing comes up any more — the bucket the bottom and there is simply nothing left inside. That emptied-out state is the picture: a supply drained to zero. A person can be emptied the same way, with the last of their energy drawn off.
From the word’s history
From Latin exhaustus, past participle of exhaurire 'draw off, take away, use up, empty' (ex- 'off' + haurire 'to draw up, as water'). English 'exhaust' meant 'draw off, use up completely' from the 1530s; the sense 'make weak by fatigue' only appears about a century later (1630s) — so the tired person is the emptied container, seen later.
來自拉丁文 exhaurire「舀出、抽空」（ex-「出去」+ haurire「像打水一樣把水舀上來」）。英文 exhaust 在 1530 年代就是「把東西用光、抽乾」，而「累到虛脫」這個意思要到 1630 年代才出現——也就是說，先有被舀空的井，才有被掏空的人。
etymonline.com — 'exhaust' (https://www.etymonline.com/word/exhaust)
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原始詞典資料4 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
exhaustedadj/ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/
- 1
Very tired; zonked (out).
- The exhausted man fell asleep immediately.
- 2
Depleted of resources.
- The exhausted mine was worthless once all the ore had been extracted.
- 3
obsoletesciencesEmptied of contents, especially of air; that has been made into a vacuum.
- A man can live in thick air, but perishes in an exhausted receiver.
這個拼法也被記錄為下列字的變化形：
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。