One way to hold this phrase: your working life laid out on paper as a line you can read from beginning to end. School, then study, then jobs, then what you made — in order, dated, with nothing hidden between the lines. Whoever reads it is trying to see the shape of that line in a minute or two. The two senses are the same line written at two lengths: short enough for an employer, or long enough to hold a whole academic career.
From the word’s history
From Latin curriculum, a course or a running track, plus vitae, of life. The phrase means the course of a life, which is exactly the line the document draws.
拉丁文 curriculum 是「跑道、一段行程」，vitae 是「生命的」。合起來就是「一生走過的路」。履歷表上那條按時間排下來的線，正好就是這個字面。
Wiktionary etymology supplied in this packet (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:843960217:26230): from Latin curriculum (course) + vitae, genitive of vita (life).
原始詞典資料2 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
curriculum vitaenoun/kəˈɹɪkjələm ˈviːteɪ/
- 1
A written account of one's life comprising one's education, accomplishments, work experience, publications, etc.; especially, one used to apply for a job.
- 2
A detailed written account of one's education and experience used to seek positions in academic or educational environments, typically including academic credentials, publications, courses taught, etc.
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。