One picture holds this word together: a hood coming down over the top of something. Start with the monk — the deep soft hood on the shoulders, pulled forward until the face is in shadow. Keep the hood but change what is underneath, and the word follows. Over a head in a costume it becomes a fitted mask. Over the open top of a chimney it becomes the cap that keeps the rain out and pulls the smoke up. Over an engine it becomes the smooth shell we usually call a cowling. And used as a verb it is simply the act itself: to bring that hood down over something.
From the word’s history
The source traces cowl back through Old English cūle to Ecclesiastical Latin cuculla, a monk's cowl, and Latin cucullus, a hood. So the hood is not a later metaphor; it is the oldest layer of the word.
來源把 cowl 一路追回古英文 cūle、教會拉丁文 cuculla（修士的兜帽），再到拉丁文 cucullus（兜帽）。所以「兜帽」不是後來加上去的比喻，而是這個字最底層的意思。
Wiktionary entry for cowl, Etymology 1 (kaikki snapshot 3f6f69a190036ae4): “From Middle English coule, from Old English cūle … from Ecclesiastical Latin cuculla (monk's cowl), from Latin cucullus (hood).”
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原始詞典資料14 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
cowlnoun詞源 1/kaʊl/
- 1
A monk's hood that can be pulled forward to cover the face; a robe with such a hood attached to it.
- c. 1536, William Tyndale, An Exposycyon vpon the v. vi. vii. Chapters of Mathewe, An Exposycyon of the syxte Capiter, And therfore al our monkes whose professyon was neuer to eate fleshe, set vp the Pope and toke dispensacyons bothe for that faste and also for theyr strayte rules, and made theyr strayte rules as wyde as the hodes of theyr cowles.
- "What differ more (you cry) than Crown and Cowl?" / I'll tell you, friend: a Wiſe man and a Fool.
- 2
A mask that covers the majority of the head.
- 3
A thin protective covering over all or part of an engine; also cowling.
- […] fire was spurting up from the torn engine cowl and glowing in the cockpit.
- 4
A usually hood-shaped covering used to increase the draft of a chimney and prevent backflow.
- In the extreme clearness of the atmosphere the line of every roof, the cowl of every chimney was perceptible […]
- I’m sure I’m very sorry, but it’s always this way when the wind’s in the east, sir, and we’ve tried ever so many sorts of cowls and chimney-pots, you’d be surprised.
- 5
nauticaltransportA ship's ventilator with a bell-shaped top which can be swivelled to catch the wind and force it below.
- He flung himself at the port ventilator as though he meant to tear it out bodily and toss it overboard. All he did was to move the cowl round a few inches, with an enormous expenditure of force, and seemed spent in the effort.
- 6
nauticaltransportA vertical projection of a ship's funnel that directs the smoke away from the bridge.
- 7
A monk.
cowlverb詞源 1/kaʊl/
- 1
To cover with, or as if with, a cowl (hood).
- Why cowl thy face beneath the Mourner’s hood,
- But he by wild and way […] Rode till the star above the wakening sun, Beside that tower where Percivale was cowl’d [i.e. became a monk], Glanced from the rosy forehead of the dawn.
- 2
To wrap or form (something made of fabric) like a cowl.
- When he came downstairs from the bar with the whiskies, she had found a sweater for herself and had cowled a thick raincoat over Sligo.
- As the evenings got colder, he used to reach up and pull down the green baize cloth, and cowl it around himself and wear it like a kind of igloo.
- 3
To make a monk of (a person).
- 4
To scrape together
- COWL, scrape together. "Cowlin t'cinders up."
cowlnoun詞源 2/kaʊl/
- 1
obsoleteA vessel carried on a pole, a soe.
cowlnoun詞源 3/kaʊl/
- 1
A caul (the amnion which encloses the foetus before birth, especially that part of it which sometimes shrouds a baby’s head at birth).
- According to one of his accounts—and his accounts varied with his audience—he was the seventh son of a seventh son, and born with a cowl on his face […]
- 1982, André Brink, A Chain of Voices, New York: William Morrow, Part 3, “Campher,” p. 331, […] I’d been born with a cowl, which from my earliest age prompted a wide variety of predictions about my future, alternately dire and enthusiastic.
cowladj詞源 4/kaʊl/
- 1
cold
- An' bitther cowl; an' min' ye I had play,
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。