Think of chromatic as the layer of colour laid over something plain. Underneath there is a simple version - black and white, or a scale of seven notes, or a single beam of white light. Chromatic is what happens when the colours in between come out: the shades, the half steps, the separate bands of a rainbow. In every use the word points at the same move, from the plain thing to the thing with its colours showing.
From the word’s history
From Greek khroma (colour). The Greek adjective khromatikos already meant both relating to colour and one of the three types of tetrachord in Greek music, so the colour route and the music route were joined before English borrowed the word.
來自希臘文 χρῶμα(khrôma,顏色)。希臘文的形容詞 χρωματικός 本來就一邊指顏色,一邊指希臘音樂裡的一種四音列。也就是說,英文借這個字的時候,顏色和音樂這兩條路已經綁在一起了,不是英文後來才接上去的。
packet Wiktionary etymology 1 for chromatic (source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:490595845:32334)
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