Take the word apart first: charge plus -able, 'this can be charged'. The loose picture that holds all of it together is something being put onto something else — a cost onto your bill, power into a battery, a crime onto a person's name. The adjective then says only that the move is possible. So the real work of reading this word is done by the noun beside it: the noun tells you what is being put on, and that is what decides the meaning.
From the word’s history
Wiktionary's etymology tree for this word runs Latin carrus, then carricō / Late Latin carricāre, then Old French chargier, into Middle English and English charge. The packet gives the chain of forms without glossing them, so the shared picture above is drawn from how the modern word behaves, not claimed as the meaning of the Latin.
來源資料的詞源樹顯示這條路線：拉丁文 carrus，接著 carricō／晚期拉丁文 carricāre，再到古法文 chargier，然後進入中古英文和英文的 charge。資料只給了形式，沒有解釋每一層的意思。所以上面那個「把東西放上去」的畫面，是從現在的用法歸納出來的模型，不是在替拉丁文下定義。
packet wiktionary etymology_text (etymology tree), source_ref kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:1394449446:13885
登入就可以看每一支怎麼連回核心畫面。