Picture the sky and the sea losing their temper at the same time: wind you cannot stand up in, rain driven sideways, a small boat thrown about, and everyone inside waiting for it to end. Three things sit in that picture — it arrives suddenly, it is violent while it lasts, and it is expected to pass. Every other use of the word borrows those three. When the storm moves inside a person it becomes rage or grief; when it moves into a crowd it becomes uproar; and when someone shrinks it down to the size of a , they are laughing at how small the real trouble is.
From the word’s history
The source entry traces the word through Old French tempeste to Latin tempestas ('storm'), from tempus ('time, weather'). The older sense was simply the weather of the moment; English kept the violent end of it.
來源資料把這個字追到古法文 tempeste，再到拉丁文 tempestas（暴風雨），而 tempestas 來自 tempus（時間、天氣）。也就是說，它本來只是「當下的天氣、時節」，英文留下來的是壞天氣那一端。可以想成：時候突然變了臉。這只是一條幫助記憶的線索，不是說今天的每個用法都由此直接長出。
Wiktionary/kaikki snapshot 3f6f69a190036ae4, entry 'tempest' (noun), etymology_text: from Old French tempeste, from Latin tempestas ('storm'), from tempus ('time, weather').
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