The noun for substantiating: the act of proving a claim with evidence, or the evidence itself. It is a heavy, formal word, and it lives almost entirely in legal papers, official reports, advertising rules and academic writing — 'the claim was made without substantiation', 'the regulator asked for substantiation of the health benefits'. In speech, even careful speakers usually go around it and say 'proof', 'evidence', or just use the verb: 'he could not prove it'.

The noun for substantiating是substantiate的名詞形式: the act of proving a claim with evidence指用證據證明一個說法這個動作, or the evidence itself或指那些證據本身。It is a heavy, formal word這是個很重、很正式的字, and it lives almost entirely in legal papers, official reports, advertising rules and academic writing幾乎只出現在法律文件、官方報告、廣告規範和學術寫作裡 — 'the claim was made without substantiation'像'the claim was made without substantiation', 'the regulator asked for substantiation of the health benefits'或'the regulator asked for substantiation of the health benefits'。In speech, even careful speakers usually go around it在口語裡，即使是說話謹慎的人也通常會避開這個字 and say 'proof', 'evidence'改說'proof'、'evidence', or just use the verb: 'he could not prove it'或直接用動詞，像'he could not prove it'。

Two useful habits. It is normally uncountable, so you say 'some substantiation', not 'a substantiation'. And it appears most often after 'without' or 'lack of', because the interesting moment is usually the one where evidence is missing.

Two useful habits兩個實用的小習慣。It is normally uncountable這通常是不可數名詞, so you say 'some substantiation', not 'a substantiation'所以說'some substantiation'，不說'a substantiation'。And it appears most often after 'without' or 'lack of'而且它最常出現在'without'或'lack of'後面, because the interesting moment is usually the one where evidence is missing因為值得一提的時刻通常就是證據缺席的那個時刻。

If you are choosing between this and 'proof' in your own writing, 'proof' is nearly always the better choice; use 'substantiation' when you are matching the tone of an official document.

If you are choosing between this and 'proof' in your own writing如果你在自己的文章裡要在這個字和'proof'之間選擇, 'proof' is nearly always the better choice'proof'幾乎永遠是更好的選擇; use 'substantiation' when you are matching the tone of an official document只有在要配合官方文件的語氣時才用'substantiation'。