喜樂美語

Picture the person standing in the middle of a game while two sides argue. Both sides push the question over to them — was that a foul or not? — and whatever they say, the argument stops there. You can think of a referee as the person a question gets handed to, whose answer closes it. The stripes and the whistle are just the sports version of that job.

可以想成球場中央那個人：兩邊吵起來的時候，問題會被推到他面前——剛剛那個動作算不算犯規？——而他一開口，這件事就定了。referee 的畫面比較像「事情被交到他手上、由他給答案的那個人」，黑白條紋衣和哨子只是這個角色在運動場上的樣子；換到別的場合，同一個角色就換了一身衣服。

From the word’s history

Etymonline: the noun referee (1620s) comes from the verb refer (late 14c., from Latin referre, literally 're-' back + 'ferre' to carry, i.e. 'to carry back'). By the 1660s it meant 'one to whom any matter in question is referred for decision, an umpire'; the legal sense follows in the 1680s and the sporting sense only by 1820. So the general 'person a matter is handed to' sense is the older one, and the sports official is one branch of it.

據 Etymonline，referee 這個名詞出現在 1620 年代，來自動詞 refer（14 世紀晚期，源自拉丁文 referre，字面就是「carry back 帶回去」：re- 回、ferre 帶）。到 1660 年代它的意思是「事情被交到他那裡、由他做決定的人」，1680 年代進入法律用語，運動場上的「裁判」反而要到 1820 年才出現。所以先有「被交付問題的人」，後有「球賽裁判」——這也解釋了為什麼推薦人、仲裁人、審稿人看起來毫不相干，其實都是同一個角色：一件事被 refer 給誰，誰就是那個 referee。

Etymonline, https://www.etymonline.com/word/referee

登入就可以看每一支怎麼連回核心畫面。

容易混在一起的字在訂閱裡。容易混在一起的字需要訂閱帳號。

n複數 referees

v過去式 refereed過去分詞 refereed-ing refereeing三單 referees

原始詞典資料5 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

refereenoun/ˌɹɛf.əˈɹiː/

  • 1

    hobbieslifestylesportsAn umpire or judge; an official who makes sure the rules are followed during a game.

    • The referee kicked Jim out of the game for fighting.
  • 2

    A person who settles a dispute.

  • 3

    A person who writes a letter of reference or provides a reference by phone call for someone. (In the UK such a person is sometimes, and in the US the person is typically, referred to as a reference.)

    • Your application, along with letters from three referees, should be received by January 31.
  • 4

    An expert who judges the manuscript of an article or book to decide if it should be published.

refereeverb/ˌɹɛf.əˈɹiː/

  • 1

    To act as a referee.

    • He has to referee three hockey games this weekend.
    • She has to finish refereeing an article for Nature.

摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。