You can picture off as the moment something comes away from what it was on or attached to — the lid off the jar, your hand off the wall, the train pulling out. The basic picture is 'no longer on / no longer joined; separated and moving away.' Almost every other meaning is some version of that coming-away: switched off, a day off, food gone off, a price taken off.

可以想成:off 是一個東西「從它本來貼著、連著的地方脫開」的那一刻——蓋子離開瓶口、手離開牆面、火車駛離月台。核心畫面比較像「不再貼著、不再連著;分開了、正在離開」。其餘幾乎每個意思,都是這個「脫開」的某種延伸:電源關掉(電流斷開)、放一天假(離開工作)、食物壞掉(離開新鮮狀態)、價格減掉(從原價拿開一塊)。

From the word’s history

off began as a stressed variant of of; in older English of/off meant 'away from'. It split off as the heavier word carrying the physical 'away from, off of' sense, while of kept the lighter grammatical one. That original 'away from the thing it was on' is exactly the modern core: everything off does is some kind of coming-away or being-apart.

off 原本是 of 的重讀變體;古英語裡 of/off 都帶「離開、從…分開」的意思。後來 off 分了出來,扛起「從某物上脫離、從…離開」這個有實感的方向,of 則留下較輕的文法用法。那個最早的「從它本來貼著的東西上離開」,正是今天的核心畫面:off 做的每件事,都是某種脫開或分離。

etymonline.com/word/off (a stressed variant of 'of', originally meaning 'away, away from')

登入就可以看每一支怎麼連回核心畫面。

原始詞典資料40 筆記錄

以下是外部詞典記錄的用法,摘錄並精簡格式,我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的;有些用法可能上面已經講過了。

offadv/ɒf/

  • 1

    In a direction away from the speaker or other reference point.

    • He drove off in a cloud of smoke.
    • No matter how early I came down, I would find him on the veranda, smoking cigarettes, or[…]. And at last I began to realize in my harassed soul that all elusion was futile, and to take such holidays as I could get, when he was off with a girl, in a spirit of thankfulness.
  • 2

    Into a state of non-operation or non-existence.

    • Please switch off the light when you leave.
    • The dinosaurs died off long ago.
  • 3

    So as to remove or separate, or be removed or separated.

    • He bit off the end of the carrot.
    • Some branches were sawn off.
  • 4

    Specifying the number of some item in bills, parts lists, etc.

    • 3 off 20 amp fuses
  • 5

    entertainmentlifestyletheaterOffstage.

    • noises off
  • 6

    Used in various other ways specific to individual idiomatic phrases, e.g. bring off, show off, put off, tell off, etc. See the entry for the individual phrase.

offadj/ɒf/

  • 1

    Inoperative, disabled.

    • All the lights are off.
  • 2

    Cancelled; not happening.

    • The party's off because the hostess is sick.
  • 3

    Not fitted; not being worn.

    • Your feet will feel better once those tight boots are off.
    • The drink spilled out of the bottle because the top was off.
  • 4

    Denoting something faulty, unsatisfactory, objectionable etc.

    • This calculation is off: the numbers don't add up.
    • Is it right to say 'the amount of cars'? It sounds off to me.
  • 5

    Denoting something faulty, unsatisfactory, objectionable etc.

    • I felt that his comments were a bit off.
  • 6

    Denoting something faulty, unsatisfactory, objectionable etc.

    • sales are off this quarter
  • 7

    Denoting something faulty, unsatisfactory, objectionable etc.

  • 8

    Denoting something faulty, unsatisfactory, objectionable etc.

    • This milk is off!
另外 10 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    slangDenoting something faulty, unsatisfactory, objectionable etc.

  • 10

    Circumstanced.

    • Our family used to be well off; now we're very badly off.
    • How are you off for milk? Shall I get you some more from the shop?
  • 11

    Started on the way.

    • off to see the wizard
    • And they're off! Whatsmyname takes an early lead, with Remember The Mane behind by a nose.
  • 12

    Far; off to the side.

    • He took me down the corridor and into an off room.
    • the off horse or ox in a team, in distinction from the nigh or near horse
  • 13

    Temporarily not attending a usual place, such as work or school, especially owing to illness or holiday.

    • John's off today. He's back on Wednesday.
  • 14

    Designating a time when one is not strictly attentive to business or affairs, or is absent from a post, and, hence, a time when affairs are not urgent.

    • He took an off day for fishing.  an off year in politics; the off season
  • 15

    Presently unavailable. (of a dish on a menu)

    • I'll have the chicken please. — Sorry, chicken's off today.
  • 16

    On the side furthest from the kerb (the right-hand side if one drives on the left).

    • The off front wheel came loose.
    • The man and the horse came closer and were Sonny Jacobs of the Diamond Six and a smallish neat sorrel definitely favouring its off forefoot.
  • 17

    ball-gamescricketgamesIn, or towards the half of the field away from the batsman's legs; the right side for a right-handed batsman.

  • 18

    slangcard-gamespokerOffsuit.

offprep/ɒf/

  • 1

    Not positioned upon; away from a position upon.

    • He's off the roof now.
    • I took it off the table.
  • 2

    Detached, separated, excluded or disconnected from; away from a position of attachment or connection to.

    • The phone is off the hook
    • The coat fell off the peg.
  • 3

    Outside the area or region of.

    • The suspect is now believed to be off the campus.
    • I couldn't see what it said because the line of text ran off the page.
  • 4

    Temporarily not attending (a usual place), especially owing to illness or holiday.

    • off work; off school
  • 5

    Used to indicate the location or direction of one thing relative to another, implying adjacency or accessibility via.

    • His office is off this corridor on the right.
    • We're just off the main road.
  • 6

    Used to indicate the location or direction of one thing relative to another, implying adjacency or accessibility via.

    • The island is 23 miles off the cape.
  • 7

    Used to indicate the location or direction of one thing relative to another, implying adjacency or accessibility via.

    • He used to be gone a lot of the time, off working on an oil rig.
  • 8

    Removed or subtracted from.

    • There's 20% off the list price.
另外 5 個記錄的用法
  • 9

    No longer wanting or taking.

    • He's been off his feed since Tuesday.
    • He's off his meds again.
  • 10

    Out of the possession of.

    • He didn't buy it off him. He stole it off him.
  • 11

    Placed after a number (of products or parts, as if a unit), in commerce or engineering.

    • I'd like to re-order those printer cartridges, let's say 5-off.
    • Tantalum bar 6 off 3/8" Dia × 12" — Atom, Great Britain Atomic Energy Authority, 1972
  • 12

    slangdrugsmedicinepharmacologyUnder the influence of.

    • The guy was off a perc.
  • 13

    informalAs a result of; resulting from the actions of.

    • The team won off a late-game fumble by an opposing player.
    • The economy is rising off the strength of the tech sector.

offverb/ɒf/

  • 1

    slangTo kill.

    • Most sorely missed is the relationship between Eggsy and Colin Firth’s delightfully avuncular mentor figure Harry Hart, who was offed, seemingly definitively with a bullet to the brain towards its end.
  • 2

    To switch off.

    • Can you off the light?

offnoun/ɒf/

  • 1

    Beginning; starting point.

    • He has been very obviously an untrustworthy narrator right from the off.
    • 2023 Royal Ascot suit ... are you ready for the off?(title)

摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary,已精簡格式;依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用,改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。