You can picture 'damage' as the dent, crack or break left in something after it gets hurt — a smashed phone screen, a scratched car. At heart it's the harm itself: something was whole and working, and now a part of it is broken. As a verb it's the act of leaving that harm; as a noun it's the harm that's left. From physical the same idea stretches to wounds you can't see — to feelings, reputations, plans — and then into law and even a joking way to ask a price.
From the word’s history
From Old French 'damage', from Latin 'damnum' = loss, hurt, harm. The core has always been 'harm/loss done to something'.
源自古法文 damage，再上溯到拉丁文 damnum，意思就是「損失、傷害」。所以這個字從頭到尾的核心畫面都是「對某物造成的損傷或損失」，後面的引申都圍著這個傷打轉。
etymonline / Oxford English Dictionary (damage < Old French < Latin damnum)
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原始詞典資料5 筆記錄
以下是外部詞典記錄的用法，摘錄並精簡格式，我們還沒有寫成教學內容。上面的說明才是我們自己寫的；有些用法可能上面已經講過了。
damagenoun/ˈdæmɪd͡ʒ/
- 1
Injury or harm; the condition or measure of something not being intact.
- the damage is already done
- The storm did a lot of damage to the area.
- 2
slangCost or expense.
- "What's the damage?" he asked the waiter.
damageverb/ˈdæmɪd͡ʒ/
- 1
To impair the soundness, goodness, or value of; to harm or cause destruction.
- Be careful not to damage any of the fragile items while unpacking them.
- Cold temperatures, heavy rain, falling rocks, strong winds and glacier movement can damage the equipment.
- 2
obsoleteTo undergo damage; to take damage.
- 3
To remove a damaged or unsalable item from the sales floor for processing.
- Did you damage the items that the customer returned yet?
摘錄自 英文維基詞典 English Wiktionary，已精簡格式；依 CC BY-SA 4.0 授權使用，改動後的內容同樣以此授權提供。