If someone is churlish, they are not merely shy or quiet. They are rude, unfriendly, or mean-spirited in a small, tight way — unwilling to be kind when it would be easy. The word is a little literary, not playground English.

If someone is churlish如果一個人churlish，they are not merely shy or quiet他們不只是害羞或安靜而已。They are rude, unfriendly, or mean-spirited他們是粗魯、不友善，或小心眼的，in a small, tight way帶著一種小氣、緊繃的方式——unwilling to be kind when it would be easy明明可以輕鬆展現善意卻不願意。The word is a little literary這個字帶點文學味，not playground English不是操場上的口語。

A very common shape is “it would be churlish to…” meaning it would look ungracious or stingy if you refused a kindness. You might call an answer churlish, or a host churlish for not offering a chair.

A very common shape is "it would be churlish to…"很常見的句型是「it would be churlish to…」，meaning it would look ungracious or stingy意思是如果你拒絕了一份好意，if you refused a kindness就顯得不知感恩或小氣。You might call an answer churlish你可以說一個回答churlish，or a host churlish for not offering a chair或說一個主人因為沒請人坐下而churlish。

It is colder than angry and stronger than “not very polite.” It comes from churl, an old word for a peasant that later came to mean a rude, rough man. We hardly call anyone a churl now, but churlish stayed.

It is colder than angry它比angry還要冷淡，and stronger than "not very polite."也比「not very polite」語氣重。It comes from churl它源自churl，an old word for a peasant一個指農民的舊字，that later came to mean a rude, rough man後來變成指粗魯、粗野的男人。We hardly call anyone a churl now現在幾乎沒有人會叫誰churl了，but churlish stayed但churlish這個字留了下來。