Centralism is a way of running a country or a big organisation so that one group in the middle — a capital, a head office, a ruling party — holds the real power and tells other places what to do. Towns, schools, or branches do not decide much on their own. The word names the system or the belief, not one day’s action; it is a serious, slightly formal noun you meet in civics, history, and news.

Centralism centralism is a way of running a country or a big organisation是一種治理國家或大型組織的方式 so that one group in the middle讓中間的某一群人 a capital, a head office, a ruling party像是首都、總部或執政黨 holds the real power握有真正的權力 and tells other places what to do並指揮其他地方該做什麼. Towns, schools, or branches市鎮、學校或分支機構 do not decide much on their own自己沒什麼決定權. The word names the system or the belief這個字指的是這套制度或這種信念 not one day's action而不是某一天的行動 it is a serious, slightly formal noun這是個嚴肅、有點正式的名詞 you meet in civics, history, and news你會在公民、歷史和新聞裡遇到它.

Though actually, almost every country mixes centre and local power; we say “centralism” when the mix leans hard toward the centre.

Though actually不過事實上 almost every country mixes centre and local power幾乎每個國家都混合了中央和地方的權力 we say "centralism"我們會說"centralism" when the mix leans hard toward the centre是在這個混合明顯偏向中央的時候.

Some people use it as a plan (same rules everywhere, the country held together). Others use it as a complaint (too much control from above, no room for local life). It is about who gets to decide, not about a building standing in the middle of a city.

Some people use it as a plan有些人把它當成一種主張 (same rules everywhere, the country held together)（到處規則一樣，國家團結在一起）. Others use it as a complaint其他人把它當成一種抱怨 (too much control from above, no room for local life)（上面管太多，地方沒有生存空間）. It is about who gets to decide重點在於誰有決定權 not about a building standing in the middle of a city而不是一棟位於城市中央的建築物.