Picture the top of the globe: frozen sea, ice that moves with the water, and the northern edges of a few countries reaching up into it. Everything the word does starts from that one place on the map, and the cold is what the place is famous for.
可以想成地球最上面那一塊：結冰的海、會隨著水移動的冰層，還有幾個國家最北邊的土地伸進去。這個字做的每件事，都是從地圖上這一塊地方開始的。那裡最有名的就是冷，所以後來連「冷」本身也可以借這個字來講。
From the word’s history
The source traces it back through Latin to Ancient Greek arktos, meaning bear, by way of the Great Bear in the northern sky. The direction was named after the constellation you look at to find it, and the region was named after the direction.
來源把它一路追到古希臘文的 arktos（熊），經過拉丁文再進入英文；那隻熊指的是北方天空的大熊座。也就是說，先有天上的熊，用它認出北方，再用北方叫出這一片地方的名字。所以這個字的最裡面其實是「熊的那一邊」。
Wiktionary, Arctic, supplied in this evidence packet (kaikki:3f6f69a190036ae4:935165301)
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