If you do something afresh, you do it again from the beginning, as if you are wiping the first try away. “Let’s start afresh” is what people say after a mess, a fight, or a failed plan. You can also look at a problem afresh — with new eyes, not stuck in the old way. It is a little more careful than again. Again can mean “one more time”; afresh means “from the start, clean.” You will mostly meet it with start, begin, or look. Though actually, American speakers very often say start fresh, without the a-. Both are fine; afresh just keeps the old prefix on the front.