Picture the speaker putting a sentence down next to something else and letting that other thing settle it. Whatever comes after according to is the thing being pointed at — a person who said it, a plan that fixed it, an amount that decides it — and whatever comes before it is being measured against that. The speaker steps out of the way. That is the same move in all three uses: this is not mine, it comes from there.
可以想成說話的人把一句話放到另一樣東西旁邊，然後讓那樣東西說了算。according to 後面那個名詞，就是被指著的那一樣：可能是講這句話的人，可能是一份定好的計畫，也可能是一個會變動的數量。前面那句話則是拿來跟它對照的。共同的動作是：說話的人退到旁邊，不把話算在自己頭上。三個用法都在做同一件事——這不是我定的，是那邊定的。
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